Un folioscopio es un librito que reúne una colección de imágenes dibujadas o impresas en papel y destinadas a ser pasadas uniformemente para dar la ilusión de movimiento y crear una secuencia animada.
Aunque el francés Pierre-Hubert Desvignes tuvo la idea de lo que llamó folioscopio alrededor del año 1860, fue el impresor inglés John Barnes Linnett quien patentó un diseño en 1868 para el folleto Kineograph («imagen en movimiento»).
Entre la invención de la fotografía y la primera exhibición pública del cinematógrafo Lumière en diciembre de 1895, la fotografía de movimientos en imágenes sucesivas inspiró a muchos científicos. La ilusión debida a la persistencia retiniana de las imágenes les llevó a la invención de varios juguetes ópticos, calificados ahora como los antepasados del cine actual: taumatropo, fenaquitoscopio, zoótropo, prazinoscopio, etc. El folioscopio es el más simple de los juguetes ópticos ya que su uso no necesita de equipos específicos. Generalmente está presente en los museos dedicados a la historia del cine como un nivel aparte entre la imagen y el cine. Después de todo, es el único medio con el que el espectador controla la forma en que lo recibe: lento, rápido, al revés, repitiendo repetidamente la operación. Respecto a las otras técnicas (cine o animaciones), donde el espectador es un receptor pasivo.
Antes de la llegada del cine muchos creadores estaban fascinados con las imágenes. Los artistas siempre hacían series de dibujos que se podían hojear en movimiento. Un manuscrito iluminado en Heidelberg contiene páginas con una sucesión de imágenes que difieren en detalles entre sí y que relacionan de alguna manera una historia. No podemos saber si se puede utilizar como libro animado, pero el principio existe.
El folioscopio fue muy popular a finales del siglo XIX y a principios del siglo XX, pero todavía se produce hoy en día. Hay todo tipo de variantes de folioscopios, desde aquellos que tienen unas pocas páginas hasta más de un centenar. Algunos libros también usan la técnica para crear animaciones colocando una serie de imágenes en el margen exterior de las páginas o usando el libro animado para apoyar una demostración.
La magia del folioscopio o libro animado llega a todo tipo de personas, sin importar la edad o la nacionalidad. Como no se necesita de un conocimiento peculiar para usarlo, tiene una característica universal. Como testimonio sobre el inicio del cine, el uso de la ilustración o la fotografía, o los folioscopios de los artistas realizados desde los años 50, es una combinación que, como cualquier otra colección de libros, puede traer muchas sorpresas.
Fuente y artículo completo en: http://www.flipbook.info/
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